PISA Confirms: U.S. Education in Need of Moonshot

In conjunction with today’s “Innovation for Education: A Digital Town Hall” hosted by ITIF, PBS, and the Aspen Institute, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development released findings for 2009’s Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). The results are hardly shocking to anyone who has followed the decline of American STEM education or competitiveness policy.  Compared to the 65 countries in the study the United States ranks 14th in reading, 17th in science and a below-average 25th in math.  The best educated students – those in Korea, Finland, Shanghai-China, and Hong Kon-China – by age 15 are a year ahead of their American counterparts in math and science.

The report’s results come at a time of heightened attention to America’s competitive posture. Recently Secretary of Energy Chu and President Obama have warned of a “Sputnik moment”, a parallel which was again invoked by Secretary of Education Duncan.  Just as Sputnik symbolized the U.S.S.R.’s lead in the space race, the Administration is looking to frame China’s economic and education triumphs as calls to action. During the town hall, Secretary Duncan framed the results as such a challenge to America, “We have to see this as a wake-up call,” that, “maintaining [the] status quo is effectively losing ground.”

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Failing to Educate the Clean Energy Workforce

The growth of clean energy industries will not only occur on factory floors but in classrooms as well.  As the clean-tech moves towards becoming a trillion dollar industry, it is clear that new technologies and jobs will require newly trained workers.  Yet, the U.S. has failed to pass legislation to deal with the impending shortage of skilled workers for clean energy, most notably with the failure to pass RE-ENERGYSE. At the same time China is beginning an all out effort to create the world’s largest and best trained clean-tech workforce, reports CoCo Liu of ClimateWire in “Building a Skilled Clean Energy Work Force — a Tale of Two Countries.”

Traditionally a supplier of unskilled labor, the Chinese government is making a push to increase its number of PhDs in clean energy related fields.  A Ministry of Education directive in March has increased the number of clean energy programs in universities around the country. With the help of international agreements like the China-E.U. Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy (ICARE), the education efforts should be able to supply expert teachers and an eager crop of student.  While China must play catch up when it comes to a highly skilled professors, it will enjoy other advantageous,

“compared with Europe and the United States, China has a key advantage in aiming to deliver a generation of new professionals and workers who are literate in the demands of clean energy. ‘No other nation has so many engineering professionals [as China has], and so this provides a strong foundation for development, [says Kelly Gallagher, an associate professor at Tufts University's Fletcher School.]‘”

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The American Dream and the American Reality

The mood in the United States has become decidedly pessimistic.  The middle class is being squeezed and most Americans think our country is going in the “wrong direction.” Fareed Zakaria, writing in Time Magazine’s current cover story, believes that to recapture the ‘American Dream’ our country will have to accept the changing nature of the world and adapt by renewing our investment in advanced education and innovation.

It is important to remember that recent American prosperity is not simply a product of an innovative American spirit — a point Zakaria beautifully made a year ago on the cover of Newsweek in which he cited a report by the Breakthrough Institute. Zakaria points to three factors that facilitated America’s unprecedented economic prosperity throughout the last half century. The end of WWII posed a unique opportunity for America — much of the industrial world laid in ruins and of the war’s victors only the U.S. remained mostly unscathed .  America took full advantage of the opportunity, providing sanctuary for the world’s greatest minds while simultaneously investing vast sums in education and technological innovation, primarily through R&D.

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In 2005, the National Academies published the definitive report of the decade on American competitiveness, “Rising Above the Gathering Storm.” Now, five years later, the same council has released an update, “Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 5,” which issues a stark warning about the ever-growing challenges to the United States.

The original report benchmarked U.S. global economic competitiveness, particularly related to technological innovation and STEM education, while also providing four general and twenty specific recommendations.  It concluded:

“Having reviewed trends in the United States and abroad, the committee is deeply concerned that the scientific and technical building blocks of our economic leadership are eroding at a time when many other nations are gathering strength… Although the US economy is doing well today, current trends in each of those criteria indicate that the United States may not fare as well in the future without government intervention. This nation must prepare with great urgency to preserve its strategic and economic security.”

The new report finds the following:

“So where does America stand relative to its position of five years ago when the Gathering Storm report was prepared? The unanimous view of the committee members participating in the preparation of this report is that our nation’s outlook has worsened. While progress has been made in certain areas—for example, launching the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy—the latitude to fix the problems being confronted has been severely diminished by the growth of the national debt over this period from $8 trillion to $13 trillion.  Finally, many other nations have been markedly progressing, thereby affecting America’s relative ability to compete effectively for new factories, research laboratories, administrative centers—and jobs.”

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science-class460_1111495cAmerica’s energy crisis could be worsened by  a looming education crisis.   The DOE, as well as AEL, have expressed concern in the past over a lack of education and work force training in energy related fields.  Today, Kristina Johnson, the Under Secretary for Energy, wrote on this subject as well as the DOE’s Energy Education and Workforce Development Request for Information (RFI),

“Reports like this one from the nonprofit Center for Energy Workforce Development are a cause for concern, as they warn that 40% – 60% of the current energy utility workforce could be eligible to retire by 2012. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory cautions that a shortage of training and skills is ‘a leading barrier to renewable energy and energy-efficiency growth.’”

The goal of the RFI is to gather data through September 3, 2010 to get a better sense of the “status, prevalence, quality, and gaps in education and workforce development relevant to energy technologies.”  The results will likely highlight what has become an astonishing truth, America is not preparing its students for one of the largest growth industries of the future.  This reality is well documented, just this year a report by the National Science Board pointed out that, “the United States has fallen from one of the top countries in terms of its ratio of natural science and engineering degrees to the college-age population to near the bottom of the 23 countries for which data are available.”

The emerging workforce and STEM education gaps, if not addressed, will jeopardize America’s ability to compete in a clean-energy economy. That is why earlier this year AEL strongly supported RE-ENERGYSE, a proposal to increase federal funding for education in clean-energy related fields by $74 million for universities, community and technical colleges, and K-12 schools.  It is also why 107 student body presidents signed a letter asking congress to pass the legislation.  Unfortunately RE-ENERGYSE was not passed and problem has not gone away, but is good to see the DOE continuing to lead the charge for an educated clean-energy workforce.

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Last Thursday, Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced that 150 students have been chosen to receive graduate fellowship awards for the Department of Energy Graduate Fellowship program.  The award includes tuition, living expenses, and research support for three years:

“The exceptionally talented students selected as graduate fellows are part of our nation’s next generation of scientific and technical leaders,” said Secretary Chu. “This investment in the training of scientists and engineers is part of the Administration’s continued effort to ensure that America has the scientific and engineering workforce we need to secure our energy future and our continued economic competitiveness.”

The goal of the fellowship program is to encourage students to pursue graduate degrees in physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, engineering, and environmental and computer sciences—fields that will prepare students for careers that can make significant contributions in discovery-driven science and science for national needs in energy and the environment.

The goal of the program is to strengthen the nation’s scientific workforce, which is currently at serious risk, especially in the energy sector.  The National Science Board reports that science and engineering make up only about one-third of U.S. bachelor’s degrees, compared to 63 percent in Japan, 53 percent in China, and 51 percent in Singapore.  This step to address the problem was made possible by $12.5 million from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

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better chinese and american flags

The National Journal has published our response to how America can remain competitive in the clean energy industry after the collapse of comprehensive climate legislation in Congress.  The article is part of a special energy expert series called “Can The U.S. Keep Up In Clean Energy Race?” including contributions from the Chairman of Sierra Club, CEO of the American Wind Energy Association, CEO of the George C. Marshall Institute, Director of Policy at the Brookings Institution, and others.

How America Can Lead the Clean Energy Race

NationalJournal.com | August 3rd, 2010

This comment was submitted by Teryn Norris, president, of Americans for Energy Leadership, and Daniel Goldfarb, program director of the organization.

U.S. economic leadership is at a crossroads. Recent outlooks suggest we may experience long-term stagnation and unemployment comparable to Japan’s lost decade. Yet while we have suffered an economic crisis produced by our own financial sector – losing millions of jobs, trillions in economic output, and further damaging our industrial base – China has largely shrugged off the global recession with high levels of growth and self-financed stimulus, all while purchasing billions of Treasury bills to finance our own deficit.

Meanwhile, as Breakthrough Institute and ITIF documented in “Rising Tigers, Sleeping Giant,” China and other nations are establishing dominance in one of the largest growth industries of the century. According to World Economic Forum, the global clean energy market will reach $450 billion annually by 2012 and $600 billion by 2020. Full market potential for clean energy products is much larger, with one analysis estimating Chinese market potential alone at $500 billion to $1 trillion. No wonder President Obama declared in the State of the Union, “The nation that leads the clean-energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy.”

The United States must quickly pursue a new growth agenda, and clean energy technology offers one of our greatest opportunities. For over a decade, the primary goal of U.S. climate and clean energy advocates has been to establish a strong carbon pollution cap. This agenda is dead for the foreseeable future, and precious time has been wasted. The United States must quickly pivot from pollution regulation to an aggressive clean energy competitiveness and innovation agenda, and we can begin with new leadership in the next Congress.

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Empowering Women for the Clean Energy Revolution

Undersecretary of Energy Kristina Johnson discusses the importance of women in energy fields

Undersecretary of Energy Kristina Johnson is emphasizing the importance of women in energy fields

On Tuesday, U.S. Department of Energy Under Secretary Kristina M. Johnson announced a new initiative at the Clean Energy Ministerial to promote the participation of women in clean energy science and engineering fields called the “Clean Energy Education and Empowerment (C3-E) Initiative.”  The C-3E Initiative will encourage young women to pursue careers in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) fields by supporting workshops and speeches from clean energy leaders to inspire students, and officials in participating countries will lead outreach events and make scholarship funds available for women pursuing advanced degrees in clean energy.

Today, women make up only 20 percent of the professional energy workforce. Many capable and talented women are not joining the effort to promote clean energy technologies due to a variety of factors.  As Under Secretary Johnson stated:

“The clean energy revolution will progress farther and faster if it draws on the brightest minds everywhere. Every young woman who is discouraged from studying science and engineering represents potential innovation lost. The world will be better off — men and women alike — if those who have succeeded in these fields share their own stories, and inspire young women to follow in their footsteps.”

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University Business Magazine, “the leading provider of smart management solutions for higher education administrators at two- and four-year colleges and universities throughout the United States,” published a feature on our university student presidents RE-ENERGYSE letter in their June 2010 issue.  The letter, which was signed by over 100 university student government presidents, was also featured by NYT Dot Earth and Discovery Channel Planet Green.   This from University Business Magazine:

Many college and university presidents have added their signatures to a national commitment to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions. Now, a different set of presidents has launched their own sustainability-related campaign of another kind. A group of student body presidents from institutions across the country are urging Congress to support a national program for clean science and engineering education.

Americans for Energy Leadership and the Associated Students of Stanford University have sent Congress a letter with more than 100 student body leader signatures that calls for passage of the RE-ENERGYSE—Regaining our Energy Science and Engineering Edge—program. Proposed last year by President Obama, RE-ENERGYSE would fund energy science and engineering education programs at universities, technical and community colleges, and K-12 schools. It is under consideration as part of the Department of Energy’s 2011 budget request.

Why involve student leaders? Teryn Norris, director and founder of Americans for Energy Leadership and a junior at Stanford, says it was appropriate for them to have a voice in the matter. He stresses that federal investment in energy STEM education is essential to the U.S. economy and national security, and that our country is falling behind in the global clean energy industry.

“The benefits of this program for students and the country are so clear that most of these presidents signed on quickly after an e-mail or a phone call and offered to do as much as possible to generate support,” he says.

Top-level administrators have formally expressed their support, as well. Last July, a similar letter to Congress on RE-ENERGYSE received the backing of 100 universities, professional associations, and student groups. “The program could directly benefit their schools and …they understand this is an important national priority,” notes Norris.

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An article in the Stanford Daily today described the “call to action” to Congress brought on by the letter signed by over 100 University Presidents in support of RE-ENERGYSE.

The piece quotes Americans for Energy Leadership Director Teryn Norris:

“’RE-ENERGYSE would be the first federal program to focus specifically on developing clean energy science and engineering programs in a comprehensive manner at the University level, community and technical college level, as well as K through 12 schools,’ Norris said.

‘Right now, the United States is in a global race to develop competitive clean industries. Countries like China are investing massive amounts to develop [and] dominate the clean energy industry and grow their market share. It’s critical for the United States to make sure that we’re at the leading front of this industry and that includes a serious federal investment and advanced energy workforce development.’”

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